sockaddr.cpp

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// Copyright (C) 2022+ GPL 3 and higher by Ingo Höft, <Ingo@Hoeft-online.de>
// Redistribution only with this Copyright remark. Last modified: 2026-03-10
#include <UPnPsdk/sockaddr.hpp>
#include <UPnPsdk/synclog.hpp>
#include <umock/netdb.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <regex>
 
namespace UPnPsdk {
 
namespace {
 
// Free function to logical compare two sockaddr structures
// --------------------------------------------------------
bool sockaddrcmp(const ::sockaddr_storage* a_ss1,
                 const ::sockaddr_storage* a_ss2) noexcept {
    // Throws no exception.
    if (a_ss1 == nullptr && a_ss2 == nullptr)
        return true;
    if (a_ss1 == nullptr || a_ss2 == nullptr)
        return false;
 
    switch (a_ss1->ss_family) {
    case AF_UNSPEC:
        if (a_ss2->ss_family != AF_UNSPEC)
            return false;
        break;
 
    case AF_INET6: {
        // I compare ipv6 addresses which are stored in a 16 byte array
        // (unsigned char s6_addr[16]). So we have to use memcmp() for
        // comparison.
        const ::sockaddr_in6* const s6_addr1 =
            reinterpret_cast<const ::sockaddr_in6*>(a_ss1);
        const ::sockaddr_in6* const s6_addr2 =
            reinterpret_cast<const ::sockaddr_in6*>(a_ss2);
 
        if (a_ss2->ss_family != AF_INET6 ||
            ::memcmp(&s6_addr1->sin6_addr, &s6_addr2->sin6_addr,
                     sizeof(in6_addr)) != 0 ||
            s6_addr1->sin6_port != s6_addr2->sin6_port ||
            s6_addr1->sin6_scope_id != s6_addr2->sin6_scope_id)
            return false;
    } break;
 
    case AF_INET: {
        const ::sockaddr_in* const s_addr1 =
            reinterpret_cast<const ::sockaddr_in*>(a_ss1);
        const ::sockaddr_in* const s_addr2 =
            reinterpret_cast<const ::sockaddr_in*>(a_ss2);
 
        if (a_ss2->ss_family != AF_INET ||
            s_addr1->sin_addr.s_addr != s_addr2->sin_addr.s_addr ||
            s_addr1->sin_port != s_addr2->sin_port)
            return false;
    } break;
 
    default:
        return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
} // anonymous namespace
 
 
// Free function to check if a string represents a valid port number
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
int to_port(std::string_view a_port_str, in_port_t* const a_port_num) noexcept {
    TRACE("Executing to_port() with port=\"a_port_str\"")
 
    // // Trim input string.
    // std::string port_str;
    // auto start = a_port_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
    // // Avoid exception with program terminate if all spaces/tabs.
    // if (start != a_port_str.npos) {
    //     auto end = a_port_str.find_last_not_of(" \t");
    //     port_str = a_port_str.substr(start, (end - start) + 1);
    // }
 
    // Only non empty strings. I have to check this to avoid stoi() exception
    // below.
    if (a_port_str.empty()) {
        if (a_port_num != nullptr)
            *a_port_num = 0;
        return 0;
    }
 
    // Now I check if the string are all digit characters
    bool nonzero{false};
    for (char ch : a_port_str) {
        if (!std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))) {
            return -1;
        } else if (ch != '0') {
            nonzero = true;
        }
    }
 
    // Only strings with max. 5 char may be valid (uint16_t has max. 65535).
    if (a_port_str.length() > 5) {
        if (nonzero)
            return 1; // value valid but more than 5 char.
        else
            return -1; // string is all zero with more than 5 char.
    }
 
    // Valid positive number but is it within the port range (uint16_t)?
    // Error conditions of the function is not checked because there is always a
    // pre-checked valid number string given.
    // TODO: Update on MacOS to Clang compiler that supports std::from_chars().
#ifdef __clang__
    std::string port_str(a_port_str);
    int port = atoi(port_str.c_str());
#else
    int port{};
    std::from_chars(a_port_str.data(), a_port_str.data() + a_port_str.size(),
                    port);
#endif
    if (port > 65535) {
        return 1;
    } else if (a_port_num != nullptr) {
        // Type cast is no problem because the port value is checked to be
        // 0..65635 so it always fit into in_port_t(uint16_t).
        *a_port_num = static_cast<in_port_t>(port);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
 
// Free function to split inet address and port(service)
// -----------------------------------------------------
// For port conversion:
// Don't use '::htons' (with colons) instead of 'htons', MacOS don't like it.
// 'sin6_port' is also 'sin_port' due to union.
//
// Unique pattern recognition, port delimiter is always ':'
//                  Starting with '['
// Pattern e.g.: [2001:db8::1%1]:50001
//               [2001:db8::2]:
//               [2001:db8::3]
//               [::ffff:142.250.185.99]:50001
//                  Starting with "::"
//               ::
//               ::1
//               ::1] // invalid
//               ::ffff:142.250.185.99
//               ::101.45.75.219 // deprecated
//                  Starting with ':' and is port
//               :50002
//               :https
//                  Containing '.'
//               127.0.0.4:50003
//               127.0.0.5:
//               127.0.0.6
//                  Containing one ':'
//               example.com:
//               example.com:50004
//               localhost:
//               localhost:50005
//                  Is port
//               50006
//                  Remaining
//               2001:db8::7
void split_addr_port(std::string_view a_addr_str, std::string& a_addr,
                     std::string& a_serv) {
    TRACE("Executing split_addr_port()")
 
    // Special cases
    if (a_addr_str.empty()) {
        // An empty address string clears address/port.
        a_addr.clear();
        a_serv.clear();
        return;
    }
 
    std::string_view addr_str;
    std::string serv_str;
 
    size_t pos{};
    if (a_addr_str.length() < 2) {
        // The shortest possible ip address is "::". This helps to avoid string
        // exceptions 'out_of_range'.
        addr_str = a_addr_str; // Give it back as (possible) address.
 
    } else if (a_addr_str.front() == '[') {
        // Starting with '[', split address if required
        if ((pos = a_addr_str.find("]:")) != std::string::npos) {
            addr_str = a_addr_str.substr(0, pos + 1); // Get IP address
            serv_str = a_addr_str.substr(pos + 2); // Get port string
            if (serv_str.empty())
                serv_str = '0';
        } else {
            addr_str = a_addr_str; // Get IP address
        }
 
    } else if (a_addr_str.front() == ':' && a_addr_str[1] == ':') {
        // Starting with "::", this cannot have a port.
        addr_str = a_addr_str;
 
    } else if (a_addr_str.front() == ':') {
        // Starting with ':' and is port
        in_port_t port{};
        switch (to_port(a_addr_str.substr(1), &port)) {
        case -1:
            // No numeric port, check for alphanum port.
            serv_str = a_addr_str.substr(1);
            break;
        case 0:
            // Only port given, set only port.
            serv_str = std::to_string(port);
            break;
        case 1:
            // Value not in range 0..65535.
            goto exit_overrun;
        }
    } else if (a_addr_str.find_first_of('.') != std::string::npos) {
        // Containing '.'
        if ((pos = a_addr_str.find_last_of(':')) != std::string::npos) {
            addr_str = a_addr_str.substr(0, pos); // Get IP address
            serv_str = a_addr_str.substr(pos + 1); // Get port string
            if (serv_str.empty())
                serv_str = '0';
        } else {
            // No port, set only address.
            addr_str = a_addr_str;
        }
    } else if (std::ranges::count(a_addr_str, ':') == 1) {
        // Containing one ':'
        pos = a_addr_str.find_last_of(':');
        addr_str = a_addr_str.substr(0, pos); // Get IP address
        serv_str = a_addr_str.substr(pos + 1); // Get port string
        if (serv_str.empty())
            serv_str = '0';
    } else {
        // Is port
        in_port_t port{};
        switch (to_port(a_addr_str, &port)) {
        case -1:
            // Remaining
            // is either only numeric address, or any alphanumeric identifier.
            addr_str = a_addr_str;
            break;
        case 0:
            // Only port given, set only port.
            serv_str = std::to_string(port);
            break;
        case 1:
            // Value not in range 0..65535
            goto exit_overrun;
        }
    }
 
    // Return result for a_addr.
    // Remove surounding brackets if any, shortest possible netaddress is
    // "[::]".
    if (addr_str.length() >= 4 && addr_str.front() == '[' &&
        addr_str.back() == ']' && std::ranges::count(addr_str, ':') >= 2) {
        // Here it can be an IPv6 address without '.', or an IPv4 mapped IPv6
        // address with '.' and prefix "::ffff:".
        // Remove surounding brackets.
 
        a_addr = addr_str.substr(1, addr_str.length() - 2);
 
    } else {
        // Haven't found a valid numeric ip address, no need to remove
        // brackets, should be interpreted as alphanumeric address.
 
        a_addr = addr_str;
    }
 
    // Return result for a_serv.
    // Check for valid port. ::getaddrinfo accepts invalid ports > 65535.
    switch (to_port(serv_str)) {
    case -1:
    case 0:
        break;
    default:
        goto exit_overrun;
    }
 
    a_serv = serv_str;
 
    return;
 
exit_overrun:
    throw std::range_error(
        UPnPsdk_LOGEXCEPT("MSG1127") "Number string from \"" +
        std::string(a_addr_str) + "\" for port is out of range 0..65535.");
}
 
 
// Specialized sockaddr_structure
// ==============================
// Constructor
SSockaddr::SSockaddr(){
    TRACE2(this, " Construct SSockaddr()") //
}
 
// Destructor
SSockaddr::~SSockaddr() {
    TRACE2(this, " Destruct SSockaddr()")
    // Destroy structure
    ::memset(&m_sa_union, 0xAA, sizeof(m_sa_union));
}
 
// Get reference to the sockaddr_storage structure.
// Only as example, we don't use it.
// SSockaddr::operator const ::sockaddr_storage&() const {
//     return this->ss;
// }
 
// Copy constructor
// ----------------
SSockaddr::SSockaddr(const SSockaddr& that) {
    TRACE2(this, " Construct copy SSockaddr()")
    m_sa_union = that.m_sa_union;
}
 
// Copy assignment operator
// ------------------------
SSockaddr& SSockaddr::operator=(SSockaddr that) {
    TRACE2(this,
           " Executing SSockaddr::operator=(SSockaddr) (struct assign op).")
    std::swap(m_sa_union, that.m_sa_union);
 
    return *this;
}
 
// Assignment operator= to set socket address from string.
// -------------------------------------------------------
void SSockaddr::operator=(std::string_view a_addr_str) {
    TRACE2(this, " Executing SSockaddr::operator=(a_addr_str)")
 
    if (a_addr_str.empty()) {
        // This clears the complete socket address.
        ::memset(&m_sa_union, 0, sizeof(m_sa_union));
        m_sa_union.ss.ss_family = AF_UNSPEC;
        return;
    }
    std::string ai_addr_str;
    std::string ai_port_str;
 
    // Throws exception std::out_of_range().
    split_addr_port(a_addr_str, ai_addr_str, ai_port_str);
 
    // With an empty address part (e.g. ":50001") only set the port and leave
    // the (old) address unmodified.
    if (ai_addr_str.empty()) {
        in_port_t port;
        if (to_port(ai_port_str, &port) != 0)
            throw std::invalid_argument(
                UPnPsdk_LOGEXCEPT("MSG1043") "Invalid netaddress \"" +
                std::string(a_addr_str) + "\".\n");
        m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port = htons(port);
        return;
    }
 
    // Provide resources for ::getaddrinfo()
    // ai_flags ensure that only numeric values are accepted.
    ::addrinfo hints{};
    hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV;
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    ::addrinfo* res{nullptr}; // Result from getaddrinfo().
 
    // Call ::getaddrinfo() to check the ip address string.
    int ret = umock::netdb_h.getaddrinfo(ai_addr_str.c_str(),
                                         ai_port_str.c_str(), &hints, &res);
    if (ret != 0) {
        umock::netdb_h.freeaddrinfo(res);
        throw std::invalid_argument(
            UPnPsdk_LOGEXCEPT("MSG1156") "Invalid netaddress \"" +
            std::string(a_addr_str) + "\".\n");
    } else {
        if (ai_port_str.empty()) {
            // Preserve old port
            in_port_t port = m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port;
            ::memcpy(&m_sa_union, res->ai_addr, sizeof(m_sa_union));
            m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port = port;
        } else {
            ::memcpy(&m_sa_union, res->ai_addr, sizeof(m_sa_union));
        }
        umock::netdb_h.freeaddrinfo(res);
    }
 
    return;
}
 
// Assignment operator= to set socket port from an integer
// -------------------------------------------------------
void SSockaddr::operator=(const in_port_t a_port) {
    // Don't use ::htons, MacOS don't like it.
    // sin6_port is also sin_port due to union.
    m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port = htons(a_port);
}
 
// Assignment operator= to set socket address from a trivial socket address
// structure
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
void SSockaddr::operator=(const ::sockaddr_storage& a_ss) {
    ::memcpy(&m_sa_union, &a_ss, sizeof(m_sa_union));
}
 
// Compare operator== to test if another trivial socket address is equal to this
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool SSockaddr::operator==(const SSockaddr& a_saddr) const {
    return sockaddrcmp(&a_saddr.ss, &ss);
}
 
// Getter for the assosiated ip address without port
// -------------------------------------------------
// e.g. "[2001:db8::2]" or "192.168.254.253".
const std::string SSockaddr::netaddr() noexcept {
    // TRACE not usable with chained output.
    // TRACE2(this, " Executing SSockaddr::netaddr()")
 
    // Accept nameinfo only for supported address families.
    switch (m_sa_union.ss.ss_family) {
    case AF_INET6:
    case AF_INET:
        break;
    case AF_UNSPEC:
        return "";
    default:
        UPnPsdk_LOGERR("MSG1129") "Unsupported address family "
            << std::to_string(m_sa_union.ss.ss_family)
            << ". Continue with unspecified netaddress \"\".\n";
        return "";
    }
 
    // The buffer fit to an IPv6 address with mapped IPv4 address (max. 46) and
    // also fit to an IPv6 address with scope id (max. 51).
    char addrStr[39 /*sizeof(IPv6_addr)*/ + 1 /*'%'*/ +
                 10 /*sin6_scope_id_max(4294967295)*/ + 1 /*'\0'*/]{};
    // ::getnameinfo() appends scope id with '%' if sin6_scope_id is > 0.
    int ret = ::getnameinfo(&m_sa_union.sa, sizeof(m_sa_union.ss), addrStr,
                            sizeof(addrStr), nullptr, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
    if (ret != 0) {
        // 'std::to_string()' may throw 'std::bad_alloc' from the std::string
        // constructor. It is a fatal error that violates the promise to
        // noexcept and immediately terminates the propgram. This is
        // intentional because the error cannot be handled except improving the
        // hardware.
        UPnPsdk_LOGERR(
            "MSG1036") "Failed to get netaddress with address family "
            << std::to_string(m_sa_union.ss.ss_family) << ": "
            << ::gai_strerror(ret)
            << ". Continue with unspecified netaddress \"\".\n";
        return "";
    }
 
    // Next may throw 'std::length_error' if the length of the constructed
    // std::string would exceed max_size(). This should never happen with given
    // lengths of addrStr (promise noexcept).
    if (m_sa_union.ss.ss_family == AF_INET6)
        return '[' + std::string(addrStr) + ']';
    else
        return std::string(addrStr);
}
 
// Getter for the assosiated ip address with port
// ----------------------------------------------
// e.g. "[2001:db8::2]:50001" or "192.168.254.253:50001".
const std::string SSockaddr::netaddrp() noexcept {
    // TRACE not usable with chained output.
    // TRACE2(this, " Executing SSockaddr::netaddrp()")
    //
    // sin_port and sin6_port are on the same memory location (union of the
    // structures) so I can use it for AF_INET and AF_INET6. 'std::to_string()'
    // may throw 'std::bad_alloc' from the std::string constructor. It is a
    // fatal error that violates the promise to noexcept and immediately
    // terminates the propgram. This is intentional because the error cannot be
    // handled except improving the hardware.
    switch (m_sa_union.ss.ss_family) {
    case AF_INET6:
    case AF_INET:
    case AF_UNSPEC:
        return this->netaddr() + ":" +
               std::to_string(ntohs(m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port));
        break;
    case AF_UNIX:
        return this->netaddr() + ":0";
    }
 
    return "";
}
 
// Getter for the assosiated port number
// -------------------------------------
in_port_t SSockaddr::port() const {
    TRACE2(this, " Executing SSockaddr::port()")
    // sin_port and sin6_port are on the same memory location (union of the
    // structures) so we can use it for AF_INET and AF_INET6.
    // Don't use ::ntohs, MacOS don't like it.
    return ntohs(m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_port);
}
 
// Getter for sizeof the current (sin6 or sin) Sockaddr Structure.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------
socklen_t SSockaddr::sizeof_saddr() const {
    TRACE2(this, " Executing SSockaddr::sizeof_saddr()")
    switch (m_sa_union.ss.ss_family) {
    case AF_INET6:
        return sizeof(m_sa_union.sin6);
    case AF_INET:
        return sizeof(m_sa_union.sin);
    case AF_UNSPEC:
        return sizeof(m_sa_union.ss);
    default:
        return 0;
    }
}
 
// Get if the socket address is a loopback address
//  ----------------------------------------------
bool SSockaddr::is_loopback() const {
    // I handle only IPv6 addresses and check if I have either the IPv6
    // loopback address or any IPv4 mapped IPv6 address between
    // "[::ffff:127.0.0.0]" and "[::ffff:127.255.255.255]".
    return (
        m_sa_union.ss.ss_family == AF_INET6 &&
        (IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_addr) ||
         (ntohl(static_cast<uint32_t>(m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[12])) >=
              2130706432 &&
          ntohl(static_cast<uint32_t>(m_sa_union.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[12])) <=
              2147483647)));
#if 0
            (m_sa_union.ss.ss_family == AF_INET &&
             // address between "127.0.0.0" and "127.255.255.255"
             ntohl(m_sa_union.sin.sin_addr.s_addr) >= 2130706432 &&
             ntohl(m_sa_union.sin.sin_addr.s_addr) <= 2147483647));
#endif
}
 
// Getter of the netaddress to output stream
// -----------------------------------------
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, SSockaddr& saddr) {
    os << saddr.netaddrp();
    return os;
}
 
} // namespace UPnPsdk